Storia e Politica
Storia e Politica, rivista quadrimestrale, XV, n. 2 maggio-agosto 2023
Articoli/Articles
Lorenzo Coccoli
Università degli Studi di Perugia – ORCID: 0000-0003-3213-1032
(INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AND POOR RELIEF PLANS. LABOUR AS A FORM OF CHARITY IN EARLY MODERNITY 17TH-18TH CENTURIES)
Keywords: Charity, Labour, Poor Relief, Work Ethic, Muratori
As is well known, forced labour was a fixture of almost every poor relief institution that popped up throughout Europe from the late 16th century onwards. Those institutions were not primarily conceived at the time as places of punishment: instead, they were intended to provide the poor with actual assistance, be it of the material or the spiritual kind. Considering a series of discourses produced by a handful of prominent Italian thinkers and institutions between the end of the 17th and the first half of the 18th century, this contribution is intended to show how labour could be framed then in terms of charitable provision to the poor, while also highlighting the issues this peculiar framing implied.
Alessandro Dividus
Università degli Studi di Pisa – ORCID: 0000-0003-4481-7939
THE ENSLAVEMENT OF THE FREE INDIVIDUAL: CHIAROMONTE’S. REMARKS ON THE NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY TYRANNY
Keywords: Chiaromonte, Politics, Freedom, Tyranny, Democracy
From exile in Paris until emigration to the United States, Chiaromonte took on those distinctive characteristics that would later define him as a citizen of the world. He developed his thought following those socialist-liberal principles according to which the individual and society are mutually united in an organic whole. These ideas led him to sharply criticise not only fascism and all totalitarianism but also the structure of post-war Western societies. What he sees in modern Western mass societies is an obsolete form of freedom. This freedom is what modern man is satisfied with in a society now dominated by consumerism, mechanisation of existence and calculation. His insights anticipate many of the evils that afflict contemporary societies.
Sebastián Pattin
INHUS-CONICET-UNMdP – ORCID: 0000-0002-1953-1384
(IN “STATE OF COUNCIL”. THE ARGENTINE CATHOLIC PRESS AND THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL 1959-1962)
Keywords: Catholic Church, Catholic press, Argentine Catholicism, Second Vatican Council II.
At the end of the 1950s, John XXIII announced that he would convene a council that, finally under the name of the Second Ecumenical Vatican Council, began in 1962. The Argentine Catholic Church began a path of conflicts and tensions or an “earthquake” since Vatican II would not only deal with the revision of the Code of Canon Law, Christian unity and openness to the contemporary world, but it could also allow the projecting of a reform of the Church. Religious historiography in Argentina has paid particular attention to how the hierarchy rearranged itself in the pre-conciliar stage, arguing that it would have tried to hinder spaces for deliberation or reflection on Vatican II. In this article, the gaze is shifted towards the Catholic press through which the existence of projections, ideas and expectations regarding a possible renewal of the Church could be noticed.
Silvia Benussi
Università degli Studi di Cagliari – ORCID: 0000-0001-6927-0488
(THE PARLIAMENTARY DEBATE ON LEY ORGÁNICA 1/2004: EQUALITY, POWER AND RIGHTS IN SPANISH INSTITUTIONAL LANGUAGE)
Keywords: Gender-based violence, Domestic violence, Parliamentary debate, Equality, Power.
This article aims to analyze how reflections on gender violence have been articulated in the Spanish parliamentary debate on Ley Orgánica 1/2004. The analysis will highlight the difference in positions between the Socialist majority, which defends the concept of gender violence, and the Popular Party, which is oriented towards domestic violence. This difference influences several observations on power and inequality between men and women. However, uncertainties and confusion within the two different perspectives will be noted. It will also be observed how the draft text transforms during the parliamentary process and how different interpretations of violence against women affect this transformation.
Studi e interpretazioni/ Studies and interpretations
Francesco Bonini
Università LUMSA – Roma – ORCID: 0000-0003-3190-5948
LANJUINAIS E LA STORIA COSTITUZIONALE. TRA TESTIMONIANZA E FORMALIZZAZIONE
(LANJUINAIS AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY. BETWEEN WITNESS AND FORMALIZATION)
Keywords: Constitutionalism, Bicameralism, French revolution, Cadiz constitution, Charte
Jean Denis Lanjuinais was the only one among the constituents of 1789 to have served in the representative assemblies of all subsequent constitutional regimes until his death in 1827. The essay presents some passages from his constituent activity. It then illustrates his reflection on French constitutional history. He is indeed among the first to formalize a constitutional history, pivoting on the Charte. Emerging in a comparative framework with Britain, Spain and Naples is the idea, projected toward Orleanism, of a “bonne distribution des pouvoirs”. This requires bicameralism as well as loyal cooperation between the Chambers and the sovereign. These are the roots of the dualist parliamentarianism that characterizes nineteenth-century Europe.
Laura Mitarotondo
Università degli Studi di Bari
ORCID: 0000-0001-9825-7848
(WOMEN’S CITIZENSHIP AND MODERNIZATION: TULLIA RO- MAGNOLI CARETTONI AND THE POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF PROGRESS) Keywords: Women’s Citizenship, Democracy, Woman, Modernization, Reformism.
Starting from a renewed scholarly interest in her figure, the essay aims to draw attention on the political engagement of Italian Republic senator Tullia Romagnoli Carettoni. The Senator’s battle for a change in the status of women, that was about a rethinking of social roles, but also a renewal of the national custom, becomes more incisive between the second half of the 1950s and the late 1970s, in the phase of democratic consolidation of the Country, but also of its modernization, which coincided with a sharp economic growth and a radical social transformation. The paper analyzes some issues, still very present, that she addressed within the institutions – but also in the magazines Mondoperaio and L’Astrolabio -, like the dialectics between female pro- ductive work and caring, with particular attention to one of the subjects to which she dedicated herself, during her intense political activity, that is the total fulfilment of women’s citizenship.
Note e discussioni/ Notes and discussions
Leonardo Masone
Universidad Carlos III, Madrid – ORCID: 0009-0007-4792-1009
(CATACLYSM AND POLITEIAI IN PLATO’S LAWS. SOME NOTES BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY)
Keywords: Platon, Nomoi, cataclysm, constitution, aristocracy.
In the Nomoi, Plato writes his mature reflections. With the aim of thinking to project of a new constitution that can be realized, especially in the first books considered authentic proems to the book, Plato presents the basis for a sort of philosophy of history, according to which, after millennia from each other, humanity purifies itself through great catastrophes, from which only a few men are able to save. A theory taken into consideration for a long time in the ancient world and which also finds reference in previous dialogues, in particular in the Timaeus. According to the Athenian philosopher, these cataclysms represent the starting point for the birth of human activities, and, therefore, of the institutions and techniques which, passing through various historical phases, determine the corruption, mostly of the soul. But in this development, how can this logical reasoning of philosophy of history be placed within the constitutional theories already thought by Plato?
Francesco Paolo Giordano
ORCID: 0009-0006-6174-7708
NOTE A MARGINE DEL RECENTE VOLUME SULLA MAGISTRATURA TRA FASCISMO E REPUBBLICA
(MARGIN NOTES TO THE RECENT VOLUME ON THE JUDICIARY BETWEEN FASCISM AND THE REPUBLIC)
Keywords: Purge, Defascistization, Magistrates, Continuity, Transition, Fascism
The recent volume edited by Antonella Meniconi and Guido Neppi Modona, entitled L’epurazione mancata. La magistratura tra fascismo e Repubblica (The missed purge. The judiciary between Fascism and the Republic), published by Il Mulino in 2022, analyses the profile of those magistrates who, heavily compromised with the regime in which they had held important positions, moved into the new structure of the Republic; one consequence was a delay in the defascistization. The book is not intended to highlight the failure of the purge procedures; rather, it emphasizes a sort of unspoken compromise of power between the centrists, who were the main pillar of the democratic government, and the old players most heavily involved in the Fascist regime.
Cronache e notizie/Chronicles and news
Francesca Russo
Università “Suor Orsola Benincasa” di Napoli – ORCID: 0000-0003-1748-5051
(THE LITERARY, HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOURCES OF MACHIAVELLI’S THOUGHT AND WORKS – International Conference – Como-Villa Vigoni, 6-10 March 2023)