Rivista scaricabile gratuitamente 2-2020
Yves Léonard
Centre d’Histoire de Sciences Po (Paris)
AUTORITARISME OU FASCISME ? UNE HISTORIKERSTREIT PORTUGAISE SUR LA NATURE DU SALAZARISME
(AUTHORITARIANISM OR FASCISM? A PORTUGUESE HISTORIKERSTREIT ON THE NATURE OF SALAZARISM)
Keywords : Autoritarisme, Fascisme, Salazar, Portugal, Historical Disputes.
Salazar, who died 50 years ago, left a deep imprint on the history of Portugal in the 20th century. Was the dictatorial regime of the Estado Novo, that survived Salazar, fascist or authoritarian ? For decades, this question has given rise to many debates which, once the current impasse of the portuguese Historikerstreit has been overcome, call for a historiographic revival.
Laura Mitarotondo
Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”
(RODOLFO DE MATTEI AND THE DEMOCRACY «DOGMA». A CRITICAL ITINERARY IN POST-UNIFICATION POLITICS STARTING FROM GAETANO MOSCA)
Keywords: democracy, anti-parliamentarism, Trasformismo, ethics, Fascism.
This paper deals with the conception of democracy that emerges from De Mattei’s studies dating back mostly to the Thirties of the last century, in a phase of relevant cultural maturation which coincides with the assimilation of Gaetano Mosca’s institutional teaching, but also with the consolidation of fascist corporatism. The analysis of the multiple expressions taken on by democracy since the end of the 19th century, in De Mattei’s observations, is indissolubly linked to the historical evaluation of the national unification process, to the Italian political-parliamentary system’s limits, as well as to the research of a moral dimension of the political phenomenon’s analysis. In particular, in his considerations on post-unitary democracy, De Mattei rejects the popular sovereignty notion’s absoluteness and the «dogma» of democracy as an ideology.
Federica Falchi
Università degli Studi di Cagliari
MAZZINI, MICKIEWICZ E FULLER: DEMOCRAZIA E QUESTIONE SOCIALE (1830-1850)
(MAZZINI, MICKIEWICZ AND FULLER: DEMOCRACY AND SOCIAL QUESTION 1830-1850)
Keywords: Giuseppe Mazzini, Margaret Fuller, Adam Mickiewicz, democracy, social question
This article aims to investigate the doctrinal path, actions and mutual ideal influences of Giuseppe Mazzini, Margaret Fuller and Adam Mickiewicz, three authors who sought to develop a democratic political model capable of interpreting the principle of equality from both a formal and substantial point of view. Preaching the union of thought and action, they sought both through writings and direct involvement to promote practical solutions to resolve the social question. The closeness to Christian principles, the study of the French socialists and the experience gained in London and Paris, in close contact with the problems that afflicted the working classes, directed them towards a republican and democratic project that, starting from the concord among human beings, both nationally and internationally, aimed at solving social problems through the instrument of association and education.
Nicola Carozza
Università degli studi di Genova
ETTORE CAROZZO: POPOLARE LIGURE ANTIFASCISTA ED EDITORE DEI FUORIUSCITI IN FRANCIA
(ETTORE CAROZZO: POPULAR LIGURIAN ANTI-FASCIST AND PUBLISHER OF THE EXPATRIATES IN FRANCE)
Keywords: Anti-fascism, Italian People’s Party, political refugees, Don Sturzo, publishing
By means of archival sources, this study reconstructs the life of anti-fascist Ettore Carozzo, an engineer from a wealthy family, who fought in the Great War, and who was politically active in the context of the Italian People’s Party (Partito Popolare Italiano) founded by Don Sturzo. With the coming to power of Fascism in Italy and the abolition of freedom and of the press, Carozzo decided to move abroad. A pioneer of the publishing industry in Paris, his printing press began helping the exiled Italian members of the People’s Party by publishing books and magazines. Ettore Carozzo maintained a close relationship with anti-fascist intellectuals Luigi Sturzo, Gaetano Salvemini, and Luigi Francesco Ferrari. In the post-war period, his work as an anti-fascist editor and his willingness to help out political refugees in Paris was soon forgotten.
Manlio Corselli
Università degli Studi di Palermo
LA GUERRA (IN)CIVILE SPAGNOLA. LA STRAGE DEGLI ANARCHICI A BARCELLONA (1937)
THE (NO)CIVIL SPANISH WAR. THE CARNAGE OF ANARCHISTS IN BARCELONA (1937)
Keywords: Spanish civil war, Anarchism, Barcelona.
This essay reconstructs the “carnage of anarchists” made by the communist republican partisans during the “red week” in Barcelona (1937). Specifically, the Author takes into consideration an interview in which Mussolini made a positive judgment on Camillo Berneri who was an anti-fascist anarchist killed because of his libertarian views.