Rivista scaricabile gratuitamente fascicolo 1/2017
Storia e politica : rivista quadrimestrale : IX, 1, 2017
Giorgia Costanzo
CONFLITTI E DIPLOMAZIA: L’ESPERIENZA DI FILIPPO MAZZEI TRA EUROPA ILLUMINISTA E AMERICA REPUBBLICANA
(CONFLICTS AND DIPLOMACY: THE EXPERIENCE OF FILIPPO MAZZEI BETWEEN EUROPEAN ENLIGHTMENT AND REPUBLICAN AMERICA)
Keywords: Filippo Mazzei, American Revolution, French Revolution, European Enlightment, Diplomacy, Republicanism, Liberty, Declaration of Rights. In welcoming and sharing the spirit of celebration for the bicentenary of Mazzei’s death, this essay wants to investigate Mazzei’s political life and thought inside the “illuminist” intellectual debate. His writings of- fer an important source to better understand historical upheavals at national and international level. Liberal with a solid aversion for any arbitrary exercise of power, Mazzei represents the New Man of the 1700’s, one of the protagonists of that kind of new political and intel- lectual season, full of innovative impulses and a new way of conceiving humanity.
Roberta Adelaide Modugno
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT: RIVOLUZIONE FRANCESE E COSTRUTTIVISMO
(MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT: FRENCH REVOLUTION AND CONSTRUCTIVISM)
Keywords: Constructivism, Friedrich von Hayek, Fallibilism, Françoise Furet, Gradualism.
The article focuses on the very original and brilliant analysis of French Revolution Mary Wollstonecraft developed during her staying in the revolutionary Paris. Wollstonecraft reads the events of the first stage of the French Revolution in the light of the experience of the Terror. The result is a criticism of the possibility of projecting a totally new society according an exclusively rational plan. The loosing of the faith in the Enlightment rationalism leads Wollstonecraft to revalue gradual reformism, experience, history and traditions. She explains the totalitarian aspects of French Revolution comprehending the dangers of what we call today rational constructivism. Her interpretation of Revolution will result very close to the one by Edmund Burke.
Alessandro Simoncini
ESSERE (IN)GIUSTI CON PASOLINI. SALÒ E L’INFERNO DEL- L’EDONISMO
BE (UN)FAIR WITH PASOLINI. SALÒ AND THE HELL OF EDONISM)
Keyword: Pasolini, Lacan, Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma, anarchy of power, desire.
The paper stems from a critical judgment by Rocco Ronchi about the anti-modern sensitivity of Pasolini’s thought and works. It shows then how this sensitivity enabled the Friulian poet to comprehend the impact of contemporary power dispositifs on lives, desires and bodies. The analysis of this impact focuses on the movie Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma. The hipotesys here is that Salò has been conceived as a “trap for spectators” in which three layers of historical time (1785, 1943-44 and 1975) overlap in a sole constellation of time, allegorically alluding to what the director has constantly denounced as “The fascism of consumption”.
Rodolfo Gargano
L’EUROPA TUTTORA DIVISA. UN BILANCIO DI SINTESI AL TERMINE DELLA SECONDA GUERRA MONDIALE
(EUROPE IS STILL DIVIDED. A SUMMARY REPORT AT THE END OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR)
Keywords: European unity, European identity, Member States’ sovereignty, International politics, European federalism.
The Westphalian sovereignty which divided Europe for three centuries is partially called into question with the birth of the project aimed at unifying Europe at the end of the Second World War. The Author points out that in the past, in the medieval and modern times Europe had already enjoyed a substantial unity that helped to forge its own identity, based on universal values instead of National aspects. The European unification project, particularly in its most completed form of European Federalism by Altiero Spinelli, finds in the knowledge of the past the reasons for overcoming the division of Europe and the same anarchy which is a result of International politics; but thanks to the ability of Europeans to refound the European Union in terms of sharing political sovereignty at Community Level, there will be new po- litical orders to really realize the ideals for European Unity.
Massimo Viglione
EUROPA ED EUROPEISMO TRA RADICI STORICHE E PROGETTUALITÀ IDEOLOGICA. A SEDICI ANNI DALLA SVOLTA DEI TRATTATI DI NIZZA EUROPA
(EUROPE AND EUROPEANISM BETWEEN HISTORICAL ROOTS AND IDEOLOGIC PLANNING. SIXTEEN YEARS AFTER THE TREATY OF NICE ENDORSEMENT)
Keywords: Christianitas, Federalism-Functionalism, Charter of Nice, Constitutional patriotism, Jus soli.
A historical reconstruction of the fundamental changes occurred during the European Unitarian process, from the nineties onward, with specific attentiveness to the underlying ideological debate that brought it through radical transmutations compared with the time of its foundation, after World War II, placing all us Europeans before the acceptance of choices and changes of radical historical importance, not always understood to their full extent. The intention is – considering the continuous claims of anti – European movements, the present economic and bureaucratic severe crisis and the ever-growing intensification of the immigration phenomenon – to highlight deep ideologies, inconsistencies and risks, in order to provide a framework that, perhaps, it is too often easily taken for granted.
Antonio Cucinotta
SOVRANITÀ E CRISI DELLO STATO: ATTUALITÀ DELLA TEOLOGIA POLITICA
(SOVEREIGNTY AND STATE CRYSIS: ACTUALITY OF POLITICAL THEOLOGY)
Keywords: sovereignty, state of exception, political theology, modern State, western legal tradition.
The contemporary European and Italian political crisis show how the category of ‘state of exception’ may help the observer to understand the operation of western modern democracies, even if in these systems the problem of ‘supreme power’ is declined in a peculiar way. However, the contribution of Carl Schmitt to constitutional doctrine is not limited to the question of identifying the supreme power in the modern State: his main purpose in the development of ‘political theology’ was to show the deep roots of political and legal concept of the ‘secular’ age. Since western legal tradition id nowadays hardly questioned, up- dating Schmitt’s legacy can suggest very appealing paths to explore political and legal problems of our time.
Giuseppe Palmeri
REGIONE SICILIANA: A PROPOSITO DEL COMPIMENTO DI SETTANTA ANNI DI VITA DELLA SUA AUTONOMIA
(THE SICILIAN REGION: ABOUT THE COMPLETION OF THE SEVENTIETH YEAR OF ITS AUTONOMY)
Keywords: Autonomy, Regional Statute, Independence, Sicilia, Legal Competences.
Unlike most Italian regions, Sicily is under a special statute. In 2016 its statute celebrated its seventieth year of age, and, on this occasion, it was ascertained how, on the juridical plane, its “speciality” has greatly diminished because of the supremacy of the constitutional regulations issued by both the Italian Republic and the European Union. As a consequence, the Sicilian Statute is no longer the same as it was in 1946 and needs reviewing. In the above text, it has been questioned whether Sicily is still in a position, for the power of History in its course, to be able to claim a “special” statute, compared to the other Italian Regions. The historical moment which determined, in 1946, a special statute for Sicily was still connected to the nineteenth century when Sicily was considered as a separate kingdom. Moreover, in the 1940s it was the scene of independence movements: these are very distant episodes of history. Today’s Sicily has had 70 years’ homogenization with the Italian Republic, in whose formation Sicily itself took an active part.
Giuseppe Buttà
LA PROVA DEL NO. IL SISTEMA POLITICO ITALIANO DOPO IL REFERENDUM COSTITUZIONALE
(THE NO TEST. THE ITALIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM AFTER THE CONSTITUTIONAL REFERENDUM)
Keywords: Italy, constitutional reform, referendum result 2016, Thomas Paine.
La prova del NO. Il sistema politico italiano dopo il referendum costituzionale enlightens the referendum result investigating the political phases and the contents of the constitutional reform rejected by a large majority on 4 December 2016. The referendum result has proved that the electorate has a very high constitutional conscience and an attachment to an ancient principle, which Thomas Paine carved with the words: «the constitution of a Country is not the act of its government but of the people constituting a government».