Rivista scaricabile gratuitamente 2-2019
Storia e politica : rivista quadrimestrale : XI, 2, 2019
Andrea Catanzaro
Università degli Studi di Genova
LA POLYKOIRANÍA OMERICA E POST-OMERICA: UN INDEFINITO POTERE DEI MOLTI TRA LESSICO E TEORIA POLITICA
(THE HOMERIC AND POST-HOMERIC POLYKOIRANÍA: AN UNIDENTIFIED POWER OF THE MANY BETWEEN LEXICON AND POLITICAL THEORY)
Keywords: Polykoiranía, Iliad, forms of government, political power, political regimes.
Book II of the Iliad shows a significant moment of political crisis when Agamemnon loses the control over the Achaean army after his false announcement of the retreat from the besiege of Troy. Odysseus restores order and remembers the soldiers that the power of one man is better than the government of the many. He calls this situation polykoiranía, but he and the Homeric poems as a whole do not provide us with any further information concerning what this polykoiranía really is. Is it a form of government, a well identified political regime, or anything else? Through a lexical analysis focused on the occurrences of this word in the ancient Greek literature, the essay tries to answer these questions, with a view to outlining the most significant elements of a political idea which is usually relegated to the background or, worse, outside the debate concerning the forms of government, despite its first appearance in the Iliad, that is, in one of the most famous, influencing and quoted work in political literature, particularly in the ancient one.
Sandro Ciurlia
Università del Salento
LA «GIUSTIZIA COME CARITÀ DEL SAGGIO»: LA COMPLESSITÀ DELLA NOZIONE DI DIRITTO IN LEIBNIZ
(THE “JUSTICE AS CHARITY OF THE WISE”: THE COMPLEXITY OF THE CONCEPT OF LAW IN LEIBNIZ)
Keywords: Leibniz, Right, Justice, Community, Wisdom.
Starting from the analysis of the notion of Jus universalis and from the application of a series of logical rules disciplining the exercise of law in its most varied articulations, the essay aims to reconstruct the complex theoretical arguments that lead Leibniz to intersect the sphere of right with those of politics and morals, introducing notions such as wisdom and charity, understood as essential references to create a complete idea of justice in its triple declination, that is the foundation of individual identity and of the Communitas, that must be politically administered.
Nicoletta Stradaioli
Università degli Studi di Perugia
L’ICONOGRAFIA DELL’ITALIA NEL RISORGIMENTO ROMANTICO
(THE ICONOGRAPHY OF ITALY DURING THE ROMANTIC RISORGIMENTO)
Keywords: Risorgimento, Romanticism, national personification, Italia turrita.
This article examines the national personification or allegory of Italy during the Risorgimento. From ancient times to today the iconographic representation of Italy and its symbolic attributes has shown a female figure characterized by a mural crown (corona muralis), with a shining star above her head to suggest a bright destiny, and holding in her hands a horn of plenty (cornucopia) to indicate abundance of the territory and a scepter to show authority. This image bears the name of Italia turrita. In the Risorgimento the iconographic representation of Italy contributes to building national identification, in which the personification of Italy undergoes some changes in the system of signs and symbols characterizing her identity. The article draws attention to the multiple images of Italy, embodying the romantic period of national patriotism and the various political programs for national unification: paintings, prints, engravings and sculptures are taken into consideration.
Giovanni B. Varnier
Università degli Studi di Genova
(ITALIAN JURISTS BETWEEN THE HERITAGE OF RISORGIMENTO, GREAT WAR AND FASCISM. THE BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES OF THE PROTAGONISTS)
Keywords: Position Italian Jurists, Risorgimento, Fascism.
Based on the biographies of the main Italian jurists, the essay examines the cultural itinerary of a generation that extends from the late nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century. This is a category of research that in the past was neglected and only recently is the subject of attention. In particular the years of Fascism see a diversity of behaviors and a substantial adhesion of many jurists to the innovations introduced especially with the corporative system. It is also interesting to note how some of these scholars held top positions also in democratic Italy. Therefore the period between the two wars is fundamental in the history of Italy and is such also for the history of legal culture.
Giulia Maria Gallotta
Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”
DALLA CRECIA AI MIGRANTI: VERSO UN CONCETTO DI CRISI PROPRIO DELL’UNIONE EUROPEA?
(FROM GREECE TO REFUGEES: TOWARDS A EU-SPECIFIC CONCEPT OF ‘CRISIS’?)
Keywords: crisis, European Union, history, migration, debt crisis.
This article starts from the well-known difficulty in tracing a shared and accurate meaning of the word “crisis” in social sciences as the starting point for a double test. First, it aims at verifying if a concept of crisis, which is peculiar of the European integration process can be said to exist through the comparative analysis of researches on the history of European integration process itself. The resulting concept is then tested against two most recent crises the EU has occurred in, the Greek crisis and the migrant crisis. The result is mixed: if it is difficult to trace a common definition of what a crisis is in the EEC/EU, it is not a good news for the EU itself and its capacity of managing crisis respecting its fundamental values of inclusiveness and solidarity.
Michele Zezza
Universidade de São Paulo
(A RECENT CULTURAL BIOGRAPHY OF BOBBIO: THREE ELEMENTS OF ORIGINALITY IN THE REBUILDING OF A STUDENT)
Keywords: Norberto Bobbio, Mario Losano, Philosophy of law, Political philosophy.
The article analyses the recent research on Norberto Bobbio’s life and works made by Mario Losano, focusing the attention on some original aspects of its reconstruction.